Chapter: Reproduction in Plants (Class 7 8)

Reproduction (रिप्रोडक्शन) – प्रजनन
Organism (ऑर्गेनिज़्म) – जीव
Plant (प्लांट) – पौधा
Flower (फ्लावर) – फूल
Seed (सीड) – बीज
Fruit (फ्रूट) – फल
Root (रूट) – जड़
Stem (स्टेम) – तना
Leaf (लीफ) – पत्ती
Vegetative (वेजिटेटिव) – वनस्पतिक
Vegetative propagation (वेजिटेटिव प्रोपेगेशन) – वनस्पतिक जनन
Asexual reproduction (ए-सेक्शुअल रिप्रोडक्शन) – अलैंगिक जनन
Sexual reproduction (सेक्शुअल रिप्रोडक्शन) – लैंगिक जनन
Offspring (ऑफस्प्रिंग) – संतान
Mode (मोड) – तरीका
Bud (बड) – कली
Node (नोड) – गाँठ
Axil (एक्सिल) – पत्ती का जोड़
Cutting (कटिंग) – तने का टुकड़ा
Soil (सॉयल) – मिट्टी
Watering (वॉटरिंग) – पानी देना
Growth (ग्रोथ) – वृद्धि
Vegetative bud (वेजिटेटिव बड) – वनस्पतिक कली
Shoot (शूट) – नया तना
Develop (डेवलप) – विकसित होना
Potato (पोटैटो) – आलू
Eye (आई) – आलू की कली
Scar (स्कार) – निशान
Sprout (स्प्राउट) – अंकुर
Ginger (जिंजर) – अदरक
Turmeric (टर्मरिक) – हल्दी
Bryophyllum (ब्रायोफिलम) – पत्ती से उगने वाला पौधा
Margin (मार्जिन) – किनारा
Moist (मॉइस्ट) – नम
Sweet potato (स्वीट पोटैटो) – शकरकंद
Dahlia (डहलिया) – डहलिया
Cactus (कैक्टस) – कैक्टस
Detached (डिटैच्ड) – अलग हुआ
Advantage (एडवांटेज) – लाभ
Copy (कॉपी) – प्रतिलिपि
Character (कैरेक्टर) – गुण
Parent (पैरेंट) – जनक
Single parent (सिंगल पैरेंट) – एक जनक
Budding (बडिंग) – कली द्वारा जनन
Yeast (यीस्ट) – खमीर
Microscope (माइक्रोस्कोप) – सूक्ष्मदर्शी
Cell (सेल) – कोशिका
Projection (प्रोजेक्शन) – बाहर निकला भाग
Developing (डेवलपिंग) – विकसित होता
Detach (डिटैच) – अलग होना
Mature (मैच्योर) – पूर्ण विकसित
Chain (चेन) – श्रृंखला
Multiply (मल्टिप्लाई) – बढ़ना
Fragmentation (फ्रैगमेंटेशन) – टुकड़ों में टूटना
Algae (एल्गी) – शैवाल
Slimy (स्लाइमी) – चिकना
Pond (पॉन्ड) – तालाब
Stagnant (स्टैग्नेंट) – ठहरा हुआ
Patch (पैच) – धब्बा
Body (बॉडी) – शरीर
Part (पार्ट) – भाग
Process (प्रोसेस) – प्रक्रिया
Produce (प्रोड्यूस) – उत्पन्न करना
Observe (ऑब्ज़र्व) – देखना
Record (रिकॉर्ड) – लिखना
Time (टाइम) – समय
Earlier (अर्लियर) – पहले
Later (लेटर) – बाद में
Result (रिज़ल्ट) – परिणाम
Form (फॉर्म) – बनना
Contain (कंटेन) – रखना
Add (ऐड) – मिलाना
Shake (शेक) – हिलाना
Dissolve (डिज़ॉल्व) – घुलना
Drop (ड्रॉप) – बूँद
Slide (स्लाइड) – काँच स्लाइड
Warm (वॉर्म) – गरम
Large number (लार्ज नंबर) – बड़ी संख्या
Continue (कंटिन्यू) – जारी रखना
Living (लिविंग) – जीवित
Organ (ऑर्गन) – अंग
Immature (इमैच्योर) – अपरिपक्व
Overlapping (ओवरलैपिंग) – एक-दूसरे पर चढ़ा
Juicy (ज्यूसी) – रसदार
Discard (डिस्कार्ड) – फेंक देना
Germinate (जर्मिनेट) – अंकुरित होना
Bear fruit (बेयर फ्रूट) – फल देना
Different (डिफरेंट) – अलग
Type (टाइप) – प्रकार
Characteristic (कैरेक्टरिस्टिक) – विशेषता
Individual (इंडिविजुअल) – एक जीव
Function (फंक्शन) – कार्य
Reproductive part (रिप्रोडक्टिव पार्ट) – जनन अंग
Juice (जूस) – रस
Exact (एक्ज़ैक्ट) – बिल्कुल सही
Independent (इंडिपेंडेंट) – स्वतंत्र
Natural (नेचुरल) – प्राकृतिक
Artificial (आर्टिफिशियल) – कृत्रिम
Environment (एनवायरनमेंट) – वातावरण
Science (साइंस) – विज्ञान

Water (वॉटर) – पानी
Nutrients (न्यूट्रिएंट्स) – पोषक तत्व
Grow (ग्रो) – बढ़ना
Area (एरिया) – क्षेत्र
Period (पीरियड) – समयावधि
Sori (सोरी) – बीजाणु थैली
Spore (स्पोर) – बीजाणु
Fern (फर्न) – फर्न पौधा
Fungus (फंगस) – कवक
Bread mould (ब्रेड मोल्ड) – ब्रेड की फफूँद
Air (एयर) – हवा
Float (फ्लोट) – तैरना
Light (लाइट) – हल्का
Distance (डिस्टेंस) – दूरी
Sporangium (स्पोरेंजियम) – बीजाणु थैली
Hypha (हाइफा) – कवक तंतु
Protective coat (प्रोटेक्टिव कोट) – सुरक्षात्मक आवरण
Temperature (टेम्परेचर) – तापमान
Humidity (ह्यूमिडिटी) – नमी
Survive (सरवाइव) – जीवित रहना
Favourable (फेवरबल) – अनुकूल
Moss (मॉस) – काई
Stamen (स्टेमन) – पुंकेसर
Pistil (पिस्टिल) – स्त्रीकेसर
Male (मेल) – नर
Female (फीमेल) – मादा
Anther (एन्थर) – परागकोष
Filament (फिलामेंट) – तंतु
Stigma (स्टिग्मा) – वर्तिकाग्र
Style (स्टाइल) – वर्तिका
Ovary (ओवरी) – अंडाशय
Ovule (ओव्यूल) – बीजांड
Gamete (गैमेट) – युग्मक
Unisexual (यूनिसेक्शुअल) – एकलिंगी
Bisexual (बाइसेक्शुअल) – द्विलिंगी
Pollination (पॉलिनेशन) – परागण
Pollen grain (पॉलन ग्रेन) – परागकण
Transfer (ट्रांसफर) – स्थानांतरण
Self-pollination (सेल्फ पॉलिनेशन) – स्वपरागण
Cross-pollination (क्रॉस पॉलिनेशन) – परपरागण
Insect (इंसेक्ट) – कीट
Colourful (कलरफुल) – रंगीन
Fragrant (फ्रैग्रेंट) – सुगंधित
Fertilisation (फर्टिलाइजेशन) – निषेचन
Fusion (फ्यूजन) – संलयन
Zygote (जाइगोट) – युग्मनज
Embryo (एंब्रियो) – भ्रूण
Development (डेवलपमेंट) – विकास
Ripened (राइपन्ड) – पका हुआ
Fleshy (फ्लेशी) – गूदेदार
Hard (हार्ड) – कठोर
Seed coat (सीड कोट) – बीजावरण
Dispersal (डिस्पर्सल) – प्रसार
Competition (कॉम्पटीशन) – प्रतिस्पर्धा
Habitat (हैबिटैट) – आवास
Wind (विंड) – हवा
Animals (एनिमल्स) – जानवर
Winged seeds (विंग्ड सीड्स) – पंखयुक्त बीज
Maple (मेपल) – मेपल
Drumstick (ड्रमस्टिक) – सहजन
Hairy seeds (हेयरी सीड्स) – रोएँदार बीज
Sunflower (सनफ्लावर) – सूरजमुखी
Coconut (कोकोनट) – नारियल
Floating (फ्लोटिंग) – तैरने वाला
Hooks (हुक्स) – काँटे
Xanthium (जैंथियम) – जैंथियम
Urena (यूरीना) – यूरीना
Burst (बर्स्ट) – फटना
Castor (कैस्टर) – अरंडी
Balsam (बाल्सम) – गुलमेहंदी
Scatter (स्कैटर) – बिखेरना
Parent plant (पैरेंट प्लांट) – मूल पौधा
Forest (फॉरेस्ट) – जंगल
Field (फील्ड) – खेत
Park (पार्क) – उद्यान
Stick (स्टिक) – चिपकना
Clothes (क्लोथ्स) – कपड़े
Space (स्पेस) – स्थान
Minerals (मिनरल्स) – खनिज
Healthy (हेल्दी) – स्वस्थ
Prevent (प्रिवेंट) – रोकना
Distribution (डिस्ट्रिब्यूशन) – फैलाव
Nature (नेचर) – प्रकृति
Floating ability (फ्लोटिंग एबिलिटी) – तैरने की क्षमता
Spiny (स्पाइनी) – काँटेदार
Spongy (स्पंजी) – स्पंजी
Fibrous (फाइब्रस) – रेशेदार
Attachment (अटैचमेंट) – चिपकाव
Carry (कैरी) – ले जाना
Jerks (जर्क्स) – झटके
Sudden (सडन) – अचानक
Cover (कवर) – ढकना
Spread (स्प्रेड) – फैलना
Floating seeds (फ्लोटिंग सीड्स) – तैरने वाले बीज
Invade (इनवेड) – फैल जाना
Survive condition (सरवाइव कंडीशन) – जीवित रहने की अवस्था
Protective (प्रोटेक्टिव) – सुरक्षात्मक
Float away (फ्लोट अवे) – बह जाना
Germination condition (जर्मिनेशन कंडीशन) – अंकुरण की स्थिति
New plant (न्यू प्लांट) – नया पौधा

🌱 Reproduction in Plants

1. What is reproduction?

Answer: Making new living beings from parents is called reproduction.

2. Why is reproduction important in plants?

Answer: To continue their kind.

3. What are the vegetative parts of a plant?

Answer: Root, stem and leaves.

4. What is the reproductive part of a plant?

Answer: Flower.

5. What is the main function of a flower?

Answer: Reproduction.

6. How many types of reproduction are there in plants?

Answer: Two – Asexual and Sexual.

7. What is asexual reproduction?

Answer: Formation of new plants without seeds.

8. What is sexual reproduction?

Answer: Formation of new plants from seeds.

9. What is vegetative propagation?

Answer: New plants grow from root, stem, leaf or bud.

10. How is a rose plant grown?

Answer: By stem cutting.

11. What is a node?

Answer: The part of the stem where leaves grow.

12. What is a vegetative bud?

Answer: A bud that grows into a new plant or shoot.

13. How does a potato grow into a new plant?

Answer: From its eyes.

14. What are potato eyes?

Answer: Buds present on potato.

15. How do ginger and turmeric reproduce?

Answer: By stem.

16. How does Bryophyllum reproduce?

Answer: By buds on leaf margins.

17. How do sweet potato and dahlia reproduce?

Answer: By roots.

18. How does cactus reproduce?

Answer: By broken plant parts.

19. Write one advantage of vegetative propagation.

Answer: Plants grow faster and give fruits early.

20. Plants produced by vegetative propagation are like whom?

Answer: Like the parent plant.

21. What is budding?

Answer: Asexual reproduction by bud formation.

22. What is yeast?

Answer: A single-celled organism.

23. How does yeast reproduce?

Answer: By budding.

24. What is a bud?

Answer: A small outgrowth on the parent cell.

25. What happens to the yeast bud?

Answer: It separates and becomes a new yeast cell.

26. What is fragmentation?

Answer: Breaking into pieces to form new organisms.

27. In which organism does fragmentation occur?

Answer: Algae.

28. Where are algae found?

Answer: In ponds and stagnant water.

29. Why do algae grow fast?

Answer: Because of water and nutrients.

30. How many parents are needed in asexual reproduction?

Answer: Only one.

31. What are spores?

Answer: Very small reproductive bodies.

32. Where are spores found?

Answer: In fungi, moss and ferns.

33. Why can spores survive long?

Answer: They have a hard protective cover.

34. What happens to spores in favourable conditions?

Answer: They grow into new plants.

35. What is the male reproductive part of a flower?

Answer: Stamen.

36. What is the female reproductive part of a flower?

Answer: Pistil.

37. What are the parts of stamen?

Answer: Anther and filament.

38. What are the parts of pistil?

Answer: Stigma, style and ovary.

39. Where are pollen grains found?

Answer: In anther.

40. Where is the ovule present?

Answer: Inside the ovary.

41. What is pollination?

Answer: Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.

42. What is self-pollination?

Answer: Pollination in the same flower or plant.

43. What is cross-pollination?

Answer: Pollination between two different plants.

44. Who helps in pollination?

Answer: Wind, water and insects.

45. Why are flowers colourful and fragrant?

Answer: To attract insects.

46. What is fertilisation?

Answer: Fusion of male and female gametes.

47. What is a zygote?

Answer: The cell formed after fertilisation.

48. What does a zygote become?

Answer: An embryo.

49. What happens to the ovary after fertilisation?

Answer: It becomes a fruit.

50. What do ovules become?

Answer: Seeds.

51. What is a fruit?

Answer: A ripened ovary.

52. What is inside a seed?

Answer: An embryo.

53. Why is seed dispersal important?

Answer: To avoid overcrowding.

54. Name the agents of seed dispersal.

Answer: Wind, water and animals.

55. Which seeds are dispersed by wind?

Answer: Light and winged seeds.

56. Which seeds are dispersed by water?

Answer: Coconut.

57. Which seeds stick to animals?

Answer: Spiny seeds like Xanthium.

58. Which plants disperse seeds by bursting?

Answer: Castor and balsam.

59. What happens if seeds fall at one place?

Answer: Plants will not grow well.

60. What is the benefit of sexual reproduction?

Answer: Plants get characters from both parents.

1. Fill in the blanks

(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called
→ Vegetative propagation

(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called
→ Unisexual flower

(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as
→ Pollination

(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as
→ Fertilisation

(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of wind, water and animals

2. Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.

Asexual reproduction occurs without seeds and needs only one parent.

Methods of asexual reproduction:

Vegetative propagation
New plants grow from roots, stems, leaves or buds.
Examples:
- Potato (eyes)
- Rose (stem cutting)
- Bryophyllum (leaf)
Budding
A small bud grows on the parent and becomes a new organism.
Example: Yeast
Fragmentation
The body breaks into pieces and each piece grows into a new organism.
Example: Spirogyra (alga)
Spore formation
Spores grow into new plants under suitable conditions.
Examples: Fungi, moss, fern

3. Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction is the process in which male and female gametes fuse to form a zygote.
The zygote develops into a seed, and the seed grows into a new plant.

4. State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.

Asexual Reproduction	Sexual Reproduction
One parent involved	Two parents involved
No seeds formed	Seeds are formed
Offspring identical to parent	Offspring shows variation

5. Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.

Reproductive parts of a flower:

Stamen (male part)
→ Anther, Filament
Pistil (female part)
→ Stigma, Style, Ovary, Ovule

(In exam, draw a neat labelled diagram of a flower)

6. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.

Self-pollination	Cross-pollination
Pollen reaches stigma of same flower or plant	Pollen reaches stigma of another plant
No agent needed	Needs wind, insects, etc.
Less variation	More variation

7. How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?

After pollination, pollen grain germinates on the stigma and forms a pollen tube.
The male gamete travels through the tube to the ovule and fuses with the female gamete.
This fusion is called fertilisation, forming a zygote.

8. Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.

By wind – Light and winged seeds
Example: Maple, drumstick
By water – Floating seeds
Example: Coconut
By animals – Spiny seeds stick to body
Example: Xanthium
By bursting of fruits – Fruits burst suddenly
Example: Castor, balsam

9. Match the following

Column I	Column II
(a) Bud	(iii) Yeast
(b) Eyes	(v) Potato
(c) Fragmentation	(ii) Spirogyra
(d) Wings	(i) Maple
(e) Spores	(iv) Bread mould