6 science

⚡ Electricity and Circuits – Short Notes (Class 6)

1️⃣ Electricity

• Electricity is a form of energy.
• It runs bulbs, fans, TV, computers, etc.
• The flow of electricity is called electric current.

2️⃣ Electric Current

• Flow of electric charges.
• Needed to operate electrical devices.
• The energy obtained is called electrical energy.

3️⃣ Sources of Electricity

• Electric cell
• Battery (group of cells)
• Hydroelectric power
• Thermal power
• Nuclear power

4️⃣ Electric Cell

• Provides electric current.
• Invented by Alessandro Volta.
• First cell: Voltaic Cell.

5️⃣ Dry Cell

• Invented in 1886 by Carl Gassner.
• Electrolyte is in paste form.

Parts:

• Negative terminal: Zinc container
• Positive terminal: Carbon rod (with MnO₂)
• Electrolyte: Ammonium chloride

• When chemicals are used up, it becomes a dead cell.

6️⃣ Battery

• Combination of two or more cells.
• Gives electricity for a longer time.

7️⃣ Electric Circuit

• A complete path made of:
• Cell
• Wires
• Switch
• Electrical device
• Current flows only in a complete circuit.

8️⃣ Electric Switch

• Used to turn devices ON or OFF.
• Open switch → No current
• Closed switch → Current flows

9️⃣ Open and Closed Circuit

• Open circuit: Switch open, bulb does not glow.
• Closed circuit: Switch closed, bulb glows.

🔟 Electric Bulb

• A simple electrical device.
• Has two terminals:
  • Metal tip at bottom
  • Metal case
• Inside is a thin wire called filament.
• Filament is made of tungsten.
• Invented by Thomas Alva Edison (1879).

1️⃣1️⃣ Filament

• Very thin wire inside the bulb.
• Gets hot and produces light.

1️⃣2️⃣ Torch

• Made of cell, switch, and bulb.
• Switch ON → Bulb glows
• Switch OFF → Bulb does not glow

1️⃣3️⃣ Aluminium Clip Switch

• A simple switch.
• Clip connected → Circuit complete → Bulb glows
• Clip removed → Circuit broken → Bulb off

1️⃣4️⃣ Important Facts

• First continuous electric cell: Voltaic Cell
• First electric bulb: Edison
• Dry cell uses paste electrolyte

1️⃣5️⃣ Conclusion

• Electricity flows only in a complete circuit.
• Switch controls the flow of current.
• Proper connection is necessary for devices to work.

⚡ Electricity – 100 Word Meanings

1. Electricity (इलेक्ट्रिसिटी) — विद्युत
2. Energy (एनर्जी) — ऊर्जा
3. Electric Current (इलेक्ट्रिक करंट) — विद्युत धारा
4. Flow (फ्लो) — प्रवाह
5. Device (डिवाइस) — उपकरण
6. Source (सोर्स) — स्रोत
7. Electric Cell (इलेक्ट्रिक सेल) — विद्युत सेल
8. Battery (बैटरी) — बैटरी
9. Circuit (सर्किट) — परिपथ
10. Wire (वायर) — तार
11. Switch (स्विच) — चालू-बंद करने वाला यंत्र
12. Open Switch (ओपन स्विच) — खुला स्विच
13. Closed Switch (क्लोज़्ड स्विच) — बंद स्विच
14. Open Circuit (ओपन सर्किट) — खुला परिपथ
15. Closed Circuit (क्लोज़्ड सर्किट) — बंद परिपथ
16. Bulb (बल्ब) — बल्ब
17. Filament (फिलामेंट) — बल्ब का पतला तार
18. Tungsten (टंगस्टन) — टंगस्टन धातु
19. Glow (ग्लो) — चमकना
20. Torch (टॉर्च) — हाथ में पकड़ने वाली रोशनी
21. Terminal (टर्मिनल) — सिरा
22. Positive Terminal (पॉजिटिव टर्मिनल) — धनात्मक सिरा
23. Negative Terminal (नेगेटिव टर्मिनल) — ऋणात्मक सिरा
24. Dry Cell (ड्राई सेल) — शुष्क सेल
25. Electrolyte (इलेक्ट्रोलाइट) — रासायनिक लेई
26. Dead Cell (डेड सेल) — खराब सेल
27. Connection (कनेक्शन) — जोड़
28. Current Flow (करंट फ्लो) — धारा का प्रवाह
29. Inventor (इन्वेंटर) — आविष्कारक
30. Electric Bulb (इलेक्ट्रिक बल्ब) — विद्युत बल्ब
31. Electricity Supply (इलेक्ट्रिसिटी सप्लाई) — विद्युत आपूर्ति
32. Power (पावर) — शक्ति
33. Light (लाइट) — प्रकाश
34. Heat (हीट) — ऊष्मा
35. Safety (सेफ्टी) — सुरक्षा
36. Fuse (फ्यूज़) — सुरक्षा तार
37. Conductor (कंडक्टर) — सुचालक
38. Insulator (इंसुलेटर) — कुचालक
39. Copper (कॉपर) — ताँबा
40. Aluminium (एल्युमिनियम) — एल्युमिनियम
41. Gold (गोल्ड) — सोना
42. Silver (सिल्वर) — चाँदी
43. Plastic (प्लास्टिक) — प्लास्टिक
44. Rubber (रबर) — रबर
45. Wood (वुड) — लकड़ी
46. Current (करंट) — धारा
47. Charge (चार्ज) — आवेश
48. Electron (इलेक्ट्रॉन) — ऋण आवेश कण
49. Flow of Charges — आवेशों का प्रवाह
50. Power Station — बिजलीघर
51. Hydroelectric Power — जल विद्युत
52. Thermal Power — ताप विद्युत
53. Nuclear Power — परमाणु ऊर्जा
54. Generator — विद्युत जनित्र
55. Appliance — विद्युत उपकरण
56. Fan — पंखा
57. Television — दूरदर्शन
58. Computer — संगणक
59. Heater — ताप यंत्र
60. Motor — विद्युत मोटर
61. Electric Shock — विद्युत झटका
62. Switch ON — चालू करना
63. Switch OFF — बंद करना
64. Complete Path — पूर्ण मार्ग
65. Broken Circuit — टूटा परिपथ
66. Electric Energy — विद्युत ऊर्जा
67. Chemical Energy — रासायनिक ऊर्जा
68. Conversion — रूपांतरण
69. Light Energy — प्रकाश ऊर्जा
70. Heat Energy — ऊष्मा ऊर्जा

⚡ Electricity and Circuits
20 Important Q&A (Class 6)

Q1. What is electricity?

Electricity is a form of energy that is used to run devices like bulbs, fans, TV, and computers.

Q2. What is electric current?

Electric current is the flow of electric charge in an electric circuit.

Q3. What is electrical energy?

The energy produced due to the flow of electric current is called electrical energy.

Q4. What is a source of electricity?

A device that produces electric current is called a source of electricity.

Q5. Name two common sources of electricity.

Electric cell and battery.

Q6. Who invented the first electric cell?

The first electric cell was invented by Alessandro Volta.

Q7. What was the first electric cell called?

It was called the Voltaic Cell.

Q8. What is an electric circuit?

An electric circuit is a complete path consisting of a cell, wires, switch, and device through which electric current flows.

Q9. What is an electric switch?

An electric switch is a device used to start or stop the flow of electric current in a circuit.

Q10. What is an open switch?

When the switch is not connected and current does not flow, it is called an open switch.

Q11. What is a closed switch?

When the switch is connected and current flows, it is called a closed switch.

Q12. What is an open circuit?

A circuit with an open switch in which the bulb does not glow is called an open circuit.

Q13. What is a closed circuit?

A circuit with a closed switch in which the bulb glows is called a closed circuit.

Q14. From which terminal does current flow in a closed circuit?

Electric current flows from the positive terminal of the cell.

Q15. Who invented the first electric bulb?

The first electric bulb was invented by Thomas Alva Edison in 1879.

Q16. What is a filament?

The thin, spring-like wire inside a bulb that glows is called a filament.

Q17. Which metal is used to make the filament?

The filament is made of tungsten.

Q18. What is a dry cell?

A dry cell is a type of electric cell that has electrolyte in paste form.

Q19. Name the main parts of a dry cell.

Negative terminal: Zinc container
Positive terminal: Carbon rod coated with MnO₂
Electrolyte: Ammonium chloride paste

Q20. What is a battery?

A battery is a combination of two or more cells connected together.

⚡ Electricity and Circuits
Answers (Class 6)

A. Tick the correct option

1. Which of the following is an example of an electric conductor?

✔ (d) Gold (गोल्ड) — सोना
👉 Gold allows electricity to pass through it.

2. Dry cell was developed in

✔ (c) 1886 (एटीन एटी-सिक्स) — 1886

B. Fill in the blanks

1.

Electric current (इलेक्ट्रिक करंट) is a flow of electric charge in an electric circuit.
— विद्युत धारा विद्युत परिपथ में विद्युत आवेश का प्रवाह है।

2.

The switch in its disconnected state is called an open (ओपन) switch.
— जुड़े न होने की स्थिति में स्विच को ओपन स्विच कहते हैं।

3.

A dry cell has electrolyte (इलेक्ट्रोलाइट) in the form of paste.
— ड्राई सेल में इलेक्ट्रोलाइट पेस्ट के रूप में होता है।

4.

The filament (फिलामेंट) of bulbs are made up of a metal called tungsten.
— बल्ब का फिलामेंट टंग्स्टन धातु से बना होता है।

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is an insulator?

Insulator (इंसुलेटर) — A material that does not allow electric current to pass through it.
— वह पदार्थ जिससे विद्युत धारा नहीं गुजरती।

2. Who developed dry cell?

Georges Leclanché (जॉर्ज लेक्लांशे)
— ड्राई सेल का विकास जॉर्ज लेक्लांशे ने किया।

3. What is a fuse?

Fuse (फ्यूज़) — A safety device that melts and breaks the circuit when excess current flows.
— फ्यूज़ एक सुरक्षा उपकरण है जो अधिक धारा होने पर पिघल जाता है।

4. Who invented the first electric bulb?

Thomas Alva Edison (थॉमस अल्वा एडिसन)

5. Give some examples of good conductors of electricity.

Copper (कॉपर), Gold (गोल्ड), Silver (सिल्वर), Aluminium (एल्युमिनियम)
— ताँबा, सोना, चाँदी, एल्युमिनियम

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Differentiate between a closed switch and an open switch.

Closed switch (क्लोज़्ड स्विच)
— Allows current to flow
— Bulb glows
— विद्युत धारा बहती है, बल्ब जलता है

Open switch (ओपन स्विच)
— Does not allow current
— Bulb does not glow
— धारा नहीं बहती, बल्ब नहीं जलता

2. Differentiate between an open circuit and a closed circuit.

Open circuit (ओपन सर्किट)
— Circuit is broken
— Current does not flow
— Bulb does not glow

Closed circuit (क्लोज़्ड सर्किट)
— Circuit is complete
— Current flows
— Bulb glows

3. Define an electric circuit.

Electric circuit (इलेक्ट्रिक सर्किट) — A complete path through which electric current flows.
— वह पूर्ण मार्ग जिससे विद्युत धारा बहती है।

4. When is a bulb said to be fused?

Bulb is fused (बल्ब फ्यूज़ होना) when its filament breaks and current stops flowing.
— जब बल्ब का फिलामेंट टूट जाता है तब बल्ब फ्यूज़ कहलाता है।